层状盐岩体非线性蠕变本构模型

 针对由不同岩层交替而组成的层状盐岩体,建立泥岩夹层和盐岩复合体代表单元,根据应变协调原理,从细观力学分析角度通过考虑泥岩夹层弹性性质、盐岩弹性及蠕变力学特性以及两相体积含量建立层状盐岩体宏观各向异性非线性蠕变增量型本构模型,分析层状盐岩在蠕变过程中因保持细观应变协调而产生的应力重分布问题,给出新本构模型ABAQUS有限元二次开发增量迭代算法实现方法,对一层状盐岩体简单试样算例进行初步计算分析验证,分析计算与试验结果吻合较好,表明该本构模型能反映细观应变协调时层状盐岩体宏观蠕变力学特性,该模型将为层状盐岩体内硐室长期稳定性分析提供理论计算基础。     

体外预应力加固钢筋混凝土连续梁的试验研究

通过6片体外预应力加固钢筋混凝土连续梁试验研究,以内支座相对受压区高度和预应力配筋指标为参数,得到了加固梁的变形和体外筋应力增长规律,加固梁的跨中变形与体外筋的应力增长主要分为三个阶段,且二者具有较好的相关性,加固梁在极限荷载下的内力重分布比较充分。     

基于DSmT理论的多视角融合目标检测识别

现有无人车在目标检测中大多依靠单一检测视角进行多传感器数据融合,受传感器检测范围的局限,难以大幅提高准确率,且对融合过程中的类别判定的高冲突情况处理较少．针对以上问题,本文基于多假设思想提出了多视角检测结果的聚类合并方法,并基于DSmT（Dezert-Samarandache theory）和时序信息,改进了冲突分配准则,降低了目标检测的漏检率与误检率．首先利用图像检测算法检测图像中的有效目标,将激光雷达的目标检测结果投影在图像平面上,通过交并比关系构建2种传感器检测结果之间的关联概率矩阵,基于多假设思想实现聚类合并,获取单帧融合检测结果．针对融合过程中可能出现的类别判定冲突情况,利用DSmT融合识别置信度,并结合时序信息对冲突重新分配,获取目标类别的准确识别结果．最后,通过实车实验对算法的有效性进行了验证．     

Required and available moment redistribution of continuous steel-concrete composite beams

Based on the ultimate limit state analysis, the required moment redistribution to enable full plastic mechanism for continuous composite beams is derived. The composite beams studied are continuous over the internal support and with a uniform section along the beams which are one of the conventional steel structural forms in Chinese construction practice for buildings and medium span bridges. It is illustrated that the required moment redistribution for the beam increases as the ratio of negative to positive moment resistance reduces, but decreases as the span difference, or the difference of load in the two spans increases. A method to assess the available moment redistribution based on the rotation capacity at the notional plastic hinges of a composite beam is developed. The potential moment redistribution in a continuous composite beam is also assessed when the available rotation capacity at the notional hinge fails to satisfy the required capacity capable of a plastic design. For a continuous composite beam to develop full plastic design, the available moment redistribution for the beam should be greater than or at least equal to the moment redistribution required, hence the full moment redistribution from the hogging region to the sagging region in the beam is capable. The derived available moment redistributions agree with the test results and computer simulations, but in a general lower bound of the strength capacity. An example is given and the results are compared with that based on the moment redistribution proposed in the present Chinese design code for steel-concrete composite beams. The present study provide a design approach to assess the load carrying capacity for a continuous composite beam based on the available moment redistribution capable depending on the rotation capacity or the force ratio etc rather than a fixed value of moment redistribution proposed, so that in most cases, an economic design is capable.     

低高度混凝土单箱单室宽箱梁剪力滞效应研究

为明确宽跨比、宽高比均较大的低高度混凝土单箱单室连续梁桥在施工和成桥阶段主要荷栽作用下的剪力滞效应分布特点,通过空间实体模型与平面杆系模型相结合的有限元法对山东济南黄河三桥引桥预应力混凝土单箱单室宽箱梁的空间应力响应进行了研究。研究表明：施工和成桥运营阶段,边跨和中跨跨中断面的剪力滞效应均较小,而中支点断面的剪力滞效应十分显著,且在预应力张拉前后分别呈现明显的正、负剪力滞效应。计算结果还表明,剪力滞效应对该连续梁桥的结构内力影响并不明显,空间实体与平面杆系有限元分析存在的差别主要是由于顶底板刚度所占比例较大而带来的全断面内的应力重分布所导致的。研究成果可为今后类似工程的设计、施工及长期监测研究提供参考。     

结合梁中混凝土收缩徐变引起的次内力分析

根据钢-混凝土结合梁的受力特点,考虑采用有支架施工方法,由力的平衡条件和变形协调条件,分析结合梁中由混凝土收缩徐变引起的内力重分布,以此为基础,进一步提出了连续结合梁内力重分布的计算方法。应用该方法分析了两跨连续结合梁算例,计算了混凝土收缩徐变引起的内力重分布。研究结果表明,混凝土收缩徐变对钢-混凝土结合梁有显著影响,足以使连续结合梁中支座负弯矩区的混凝土产生裂缝。     

A cascading failure model for interdomain routing system

There have been many researches on border gateway protocol (BGP) security, most of which mainly focused on how to enhance the security of the BGP protocol or the interdomain routing system. However, few works studied the vulnerabilities especially the production mechanism of security events in the interdomain routing system. It takes many obstacles to understand and improve the security of the interdomain routing system. This paper explores the cascading failure phenomenon of the interdomain routing system. First, we devise a state machine to describe the state transition of BGP nodes and then give a detailed analysis of the BGP failure. Second, on the basis of the preferential attachment characteristic, we propose a cascading failure model for the interdomain routing system, which depicts the production mechanism of cascading failure, and introduce two evaluating indicators, the proportion of failed nodes and the proportion of failed links, to assess the scale of cascading failure. Furthermore, we apply the cascading failure model to display two different cascading failure scenes. The experimental results show that random failure has less influence on the interdomain routing system, while its robustness against hostile attack is weak. Copyright ©2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental Investigation of Strain Concentration Evaluation Based on the Stress Redistribution Locus Method

Evaluating the local strain in structural discontinuities is an important technology in high temperature design of fast reactor components because the failure mode in high-temperature fatigue or creep fatigue damage usually results from the crack initiation and growth from such locally high strained areas. A rationalized method of evaluating strain concentration that was experimentally studied is discussed. The stress redistribution locus (SRL) method had been proposed to improve the accuracy with which local stress and strain can be evaluated in the structural discontinuities. This method is based on the concept that the locus of stress redistribution from an elastic to an inelastic state, or that during relaxation, strongly depends on the structure, and the locus almost coincides with the locus obtained through elastic-creep analysis. High-temperature fatigue tests of circumferentially notched specimens were conducted accompanied by the measurement of local strain carried out with a capacitance-type strain gauge. The measured strain was compared with the predictions made with SRL, and the method's accuracy was evaluated. SRL improved the accuracy of inelastic strain estimation while remaining reasonably conservative in comparison with Neuber's rule, which is used in high temperature design codes.     

Physical Properties and Irradiation Behavior Analysis of Np- and Am-Bearing MOX Fuels

The physical properties and irradiation behavior of N_p- and Am-bearing MOX were evaluated for the development of advanced fast reactor fuels. The physical properties, lattice parameter, melting temperature, thermal conductivity, and oxygen potential of the fuels were described as functions of Np content, Am content, and oxygen-to-metal (O/M) ratio, and the effect of a few percent Np and Am addition into MOX on those properties was found to be negligibly small. The irradiation tests of fuel pellets having O/M ratios of 1.98 or 1.96 were carried out at a high linear heat rate of about 430 W/cm for 24 h. The redistributions of actinide element and oxygen were analyzed by using the physical properties for Np- and Am-bearing MOX, and the maximum temperatures of the pellets were estimated. The maximum temperatures of the pellets of O/M = 1:96 and 1.98 were estimated to be 2,701 and 2,510 K, respectively. The analysis result showed that the higher maximum temperature in the low-O/M pellet was caused by the low thermal conductivity in the outer region of the pellets, and the maximum temperatures of the pellets did not exceed their melting temperatures. In the results of postirradiation examination, no trace of melting was observed.     

Invisible Agency

Jeremy Till and Tatjana Schneider call for a redefinition of the architect away from the professional who is ostensibly involved in adding ‘more stuff to the world’. Looking beyond the business of matter or managing the impact of that matter on the environment, they explore ways that designers can use their intelligence and creativity to shift existing habits of consumption and patterns of behaviour. They highlight the work for four practices who are already operating in this field: 2012Architecten, 00/:, Arif Hasan and Morar de Outras Maneiras (MOM).